Aboriginal
Infrastructure
Developments
Featured
Meaningful Consultation in Canada: The Alternative to Forced Aboriginal Assimilation
United Nations’ Recommendations on the Duty to Consult
Senate Standing Committee on Aboriginal Peoples Report on Canada’s North
Arctic Perishable Food Mail Program Review and Recommendations
Amnesty International - Canada: Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review
Indigenous Children's Health Report: Health Assessment in Action
Last Updated November 24, 2011
Foundation for a Sustainable Northern Future:
Report of the Joint Review Panel for the Mackenzie Gas Project (2009)
CHAPTER 11 — Conservation Management and Protected Areas
11.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 331
11.2 APPROACHES AND METHODS............................................................................................ 332
11.2.1 PROPONENTS’ APPROACH.................................................................................... 332
11.2.2 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS........................................................................................ 333
11.2.3 PANEL VIEWS.................................................................................................... 334
11.3 IMPACTS ON PROTECTED AREAS AND AREAS OF HIGH CONSERVATION VALUE............................ 335
11.3.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 335
11.3.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 338
11.3.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................... 338
11.4 IMPACTS ON LAND USE PLANS AND OCEAN MANAGEMENT...................................................... 341
11.4.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 341
11.4.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 342
11.4.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................... 342
11.5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT: INUVIALUIT SETTLEMENT REGION....................................................... 345
11.5.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 345
11.5.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 346
11.5.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................... 348
11.6 IMPACT ASSESSMENT: GWICH’IN SETTLEMENT AREA............................................................ 349
11.6.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 349
11.6.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 349
11.6.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................... 350
11.7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT: SAHTU SETTLEMENT AREA................................................................ 350
11.7.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 350
11.7.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 350
11.7.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................... 351
11.8 IMPACT ASSESSMENT: DELCHO REGION............................................................................. 352
11.8.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 352
11.8.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 352
11.8.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................... 352
11.9 IMPACT ASSESSMENT: NORTHWEST ALBERTA...................................................................... 353
11.9.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 353
11.9.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS........................................................................................... 353
11.9.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................... 353
11.10 PANEL VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................. 353
11.10.1 PROTECTED AREAS........................................................................................... 356
11.10.2 REGIONAL LAND USE PLANS AND COMMUNITY CONSERVATION PLANS......................... 358
CHAPTER 12 — Harvesting
12.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 365
12.2 IMPACTS ON HARVESTER ACCESS..................................................................................... 366
12.2.1 Proponents’ Views.............................................................................................. 366
12.2.2 Participants ’ Views............................................................................................ 367
12.2.3 Panel Views...................................................................................................... 367
12.3 HARVESTER COMPENSATION (NORTHWEST TERRITORIES)...................................................... 368
12.3.1 Existing Conditions............................................................................................. 368
12.3.2 Proponents’ Views.............................................................................................. 368
12.3.3 Participants ’ Views and Recommendations ............................................................. 371
12.3.4 Panel Views and Recommendations ....................................................................... 373
12.4 HARVESTER COMPENSATION (ALBERTA)...............................................................................374
12.4.1 Existing Conditions............................................................................................. 374
12.4.2 Proponents’ and NOVA Gas Transmission ltd .’s Views................................................ 375
12.4.3 Participants ’ Views............................................................................................ 375
12.4.4 Panel Views and Recommendations ....................................................................... 375
12.5 WORST-CASE SCENARIOS IN THE INUVIALUIT SETTLEMENT REGION: MITIGATION
AND POTENTIAL LIABILITY OF THE PROPONENTS............................................................... 376
12.5.1 Proponents’ Mitigations ...................................................................................... 376
12.5.2 Estimate of Potential Liability................................................................................ 377
12.5.3 Panel Views and Recommendation .........................................................................377
CHAPTER 13 — Land Use and Heritage Resources
13.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 381
13.2 LAND OWNERSHIP AND ACCESS......................................................................................... 381
13.2.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 381
13.2.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 383
13.2.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS......................................................................................... 385
13.2.4 PANEL VIEWS..................................................................................................... 386
13.3 GRANULAR RESOURCES..................................................................................................... 386
13.3.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 386
13.3.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS........................................................................................... 386
13.3.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS....................................................... 388
13.3.4 PANEL VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................... 389
13.4 TIMBER RESOURCES......................................................................................................... 391
13.4.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS......................................................................................... 391
13.4.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS........................................................................................... 392
13.4.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS....................................................... 393
13.4.4 PANEL VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................... 394
13.5 TOURISM AND OUTDOOR RECREATION................................................................................. 395
13.5.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 395
13.5.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS........................................................................................... 395
13.5.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................... 396
13.5.4 PANEL VIEWS.................................................................................................... 397
13.6 HERITAGE AND HISTORICAL RESOURCES.............................................................................. 397
13.6.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 397
13.6.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 398
13.6.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................... 399
13.6.4 PANEL VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................. 400
CHAPTER 14 — Physical Infrastructure and Housing
14.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 405
14.2 TRANSPORTATION.......................................................................................................... 406
14.2.1 RAIL TRANSPORTATION....................................................................................... 406
14.2.2 ROAD TRANSPORTATION...................................................................................... 409
14.2.3 BARGE TRANSPORTATION..................................................................................... 415
14.2.4 AIR TRANSPORTATION......................................................................................... 420
14.3 LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE.................................................................................................. 423
14.3.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 423
14.3.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS........................................................................................... 424
14.3.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS....................................................... 425
14.3.4 PANEL VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................... 427
14.4 GAS SUPPLY TO COMMUNITIES AND OTHER SMALL-MARKET CONSUMERS.................................. 427
14.4.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 427
14.4.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS........................................................................................... 428
14.4.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS....................................................... 428
14.4.4 PANEL VIEWS.................................................................................................... 429
14.5 HOUSING...................................................................................................................... 429
14.5.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 430
14.5.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 431
14.5.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................... 433
14.5.4 PANEL VIEWS.................................................................................................... 435
CHAPTER 15 — Economic Impacts
15.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 439
15.2 METHODS AND APPROACH................................................................................................ 439
15.2.1 SOURCES AND METHODS..................................................................................... 439
15.2.2 PANEL APPROACH............................................................................................... 441
15.3 PROJECT EXPENDITURES AND GDP IMPACTS........................................................................ 442
15.3.1 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 442
15.3.2 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS........................................................................................ 445
15.3.3 PANEL VIEWS.................................................................................................... 445
15.4 PROCUREMENT AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES.................................................................... 447
15.4.1 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 447
15.4.2 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................... 450
15.4.3 PANEL VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................. 452
15.5 LABOUR FORCE DEVELOPMENT........................................................................................... 453
15.5.1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................. 453
15.5.2 EXISTING CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 454
15.5.3 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 458
15.5.4 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................... 460
15.5.5 PANEL VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................. 461
15.6 EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR INCOME................................................................................... 463
15.6.1 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 463
15.6.2 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................... 469
15.6.3 PANEL VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................. 471
15.7 REVENUES TO GOVERNMENTS........................................................................................... 473
15.7.1 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 473
15.7.2 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................... 475
15.7.3 PANEL VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................. 477
15.8 OVERALL PANEL FINDINGS ON ECONOMIC IMPACTS............................................................... 480
15.8.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE........................................................................................ 480
15.8.2 OPERATIONS PHASE............................................................................................ 481
15.8.3 PROJECT LEGACY................................................................................................ 482
15.8.4 EXPANSION CAPACITY SCENARIO........................................................................... 484
CHAPTER 16 — Social and Cultural Impacts
16.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 487
16.2 APPROACH AND METHODS................................................................................................ 488
16.2.1 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS........................................................................................... 488
16.2.2 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS......................................................................................... 489
16.2.3 PANEL VIEWS..................................................................................................... 490
16.3 EXISTING CONDITIONS..................................................................................................... 491
16.3.1 HEALTH, SOCIAL WELL-BEING AND COMMUNITY CONDITIONS...................................... 491
16.3.2 HEALTH CARE, SOCIAL SERVICE AND PROTECTION FACILITIES AND SERVICES................ 493
16.4 DIRECT PROJECT IMPACTS................................................................................................ 495
16.4.1 SOUTHERN WORKERS AND POTENTIAL INTERACTIONS WITH COMMUNITIES
IN THE PROJECT REVIEW AREA.............................................................................. 495
16.4.2 PROJECT-INDUCED MIGRATION TO REGIONAL CENTRES.............................................. 498
16.4.3 HEALTH IMPACTS............................................................................................... 499
16.5 IMPACTS ON COMMUNITIES AND GOVERNMENT SERVICES........................................................501
16.5.1 ALCOHOL, DRUGS AND GAMBLING........................................................................... 502
16.5.2 WELL-BEING CONDITIONS AND SOCIAL SERVICE DELIVERY.......................................... 507
16.5.3 POLICING AND SAFETY......................................................................................... 513
16.5.4 CHILD CARE........................................................................................................ 517
16.5.5 HOMELESSNESS.................................................................................................. 518
16.5.6 WOMEN’S SHELTERS............................................................................................ 519
16.5.7 ELDER CARE........................................................................................................ 521
16.5.8 SUICIDE............................................................................................................ 522
16.5.9 TRADITIONAL LANGUAGE AND CULTURE.................................................................... 523
16.6 SHARED RESPONSIBILITY MODEL........................................................................................ 529
16.6.1 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS........................................................................................... 529
16.6.2 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS......................................................................................... 530
16.6.3 PANEL VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATION..................................................................... 531
16.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM............................................................................ 532
16.7.1 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS........................................................................................... 532
16.7.2 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS......................................................................................... 533
16.7.3 PANEL VIEWS..................................................................................................... 533
16.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AGREEMENT.......................................................................................... 534
16.8.1 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS........................................................................................... 534
16.8.2 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS....................................................... 534
16.8.3 PANEL VIEWS..................................................................................................... 535
16.9 MACKENZIE GAS PROJECT IMPACTS FUND............................................................................ 535
16.9.1 PURPOSE, OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE......................................................................... 535
16.9.2 KEY FEATURES AND PRINCIPLES............................................................................. 536
16.9.3 STRUCTURES AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK........................................................ 536
16.9.4 IMPLEMENTATION................................................................................................ 537
16.9.5 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 537
16.9.6 PANEL VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................... 540
16.10 OVERALL VIEWS............................................................................................................. 541
16.10.1 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS.......................................................................................... 541
16.10.2 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS........................................................................................ 541
16.10.3 PANEL VIEWS.................................................................................................... 542
CHAPTER 17 — Decommissioning and Abandonment
17.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 545
17.2 PROPONENTS’ VIEWS....................................................................................................... 545
17.3 PARTICIPANTS’ VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................... 546
17.4 PANEL VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................... 546
CHAPTER 18 — Monitoring, Follow-up and Management Plans
18.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 551
18.1.1 PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE OF MONITORING AND FOLLOW-UP..................................... 551
18.1.2 TYPES OF MONITORING........................................................................................ 552
18.2 PROJECT MONITORING AND FOLLOW -UP.............................................................................. 553
18.2.1 BIOPHYSICAL MONITORING.................................................................................... 553
18.2.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC MONITORING............................................................................. 558
18.2.3 GOVERNMENT AND OTHER INSTITUTIONAL ROLES...................................................... 562
18.2.4 PANEL VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................... 565
18.3 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT.......................................................... 571
18.3.1 EXISTING CONDITIONS......................................................................................... 571
18.3.2 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS MANAGEMENT...................................................................... 572
18.3.3 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS OF FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS.................................................... 574
18.3.4 PANEL VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................... 576
18.3.5 FOLLOW-UP PROGRAM FOR CUMULATIVE IMPACTS MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING......... 578
CHAPTER 19 — Sustainability and Net Contribution
19.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 585
19.2 APPROACH..................................................................................................................... 586
19.3 THE CORE QUESTION....................................................................................................... 586
19.4 THE SCOPE OF DEVELOPMENTS TO BE ASSESSED................................................................. 586
19.5 KEY SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES............................................................................................ 589
19.6 SUMMARY OF PANEL ANALYSIS OF THE FIVE KEY SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES CATEGORIES...............590
19.6.1 Cumulative Impacts on the Biophysical Environment.................................................. 591
19.6.2 Cumulative Impacts on the Human Environment........................................................ 595
19.6.3 Equity Impacts .................................................................................................. 599
19.6.4 Legacy and Bridging Impacts ................................................................................ 602
19.6.5 Cumulative Impacts Management and Preparedness .................................................. 604
19.6.6 Interaction of Project Impacts .............................................................................. 606
19.7 EVALUATION OF THE PROJECT’S CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABILITY....................................... 608
19.7.1 The Project as Filed with a Throughput of 0.83 Bcf/d................................................ 608
19.7.2 The Project as Filed with Expanded Throughput in the Range
of 0.83 to 1.2 Bcf/d..................................................................................................... 609
19.7.3 The Project as Filed Expanded in the Range from 1.2 Bcf/d
to its Design Capacity of 1.8 Bcf/d................................................................................. 610
19.7.4 The Project as Filed and Other Future Scenarios...................................................... 611
19.7.5 The Null Alternative ........................................................................................... 612
19.8 TRADE-OFFS................................................................................................................. 612
19.9 CONCERNS REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PANEL’S RECOMMENDATIONS
BY GOVERNMENT......................................................................................................... 612
19.10 CONCLUSIONS.............................................................................................................. 614
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Agreement Establishing the Joint Review Panel for the Mackenzie Gas Project.................. 620
Appendix 2: Biographies of Joint Review Panel Members ............................................................... 630
Appendix 3: Direction on Procedures......................................................................................... 632
Appendix 4: List of Parties ..................................................................................................... 640
Appendix 5: List of Public Informati on Sessions.......................................................................... 641
Appendix 6: List of Hearings, Dates and Locati ons...................................................................... 642
Appendix 7: Determinati on on sufficiency.................................................................................. 645
Appendix 8: Criteria for Confidentiality Orders for Traditional Knowledge Study Reports....................... 647
Appendix 9: Selected Rulings on Motions................................................................................... 649
Appendix 10: Summary Reports of Community Hearings................................................................ 650
Aklavik Community Hearing, June 19, 2007....................................................................... 650
Colville Lake Community Hearing, April 10, 2006................................................................ 651
Déline Community Hearing, April 3, 2006.......................................................................... 651
Fort Good Hope Community Hearing No. 1, April 11, 2006.................................................... 652
Fort Good Hope Community Hearing No. 2, April 12, 2006.................................................... 653
Fort Liard Community Hearing, May 12, 2006.................................................................... 654
Fort McPherson Community Hearing, February 17, 2006...................................................... 655
Fort Providence Community Hearing No. 1, June 14, 2006.................................................... 655
Fort Providence Community Hearing No. 2, June 15, 2006.................................................... 656
Fort Simpson Community Hearing No. 1, May 8, 2006.......................................................... 657
Fort Simpson Community Hearing No. 2, May 9, 2006.......................................................... 657
Hay River Community Hearing, June 9, 2006...................................................................... 658
Hay River Reserve Community Hearing, June 8, 2006........................................................... 658
High Level Community Hearing No. 1, July 5, 2006............................................................... 659
High Level Community Hearing No. 2, July 6, 2006............................................................... 660
Inuvik Community Hearing No. 1, January 8, 2007............................................................... 660
Inuvik Community Hearing No. 2, January 9, 2007............................................................... 661
Jean Marie River Community Hearing, May 15, 2006............................................................ 661
Kakisa Community Hearing, June 13, 2006......................................................................... 662
Norman Wells Community Hearing, April 6, 2006.................................................................. 663
Paulatuk Community Hearing, September 7, 2006................................................................ 663
Sachs Harbour Community Hearing, September 9, 2006........................................................ 664
Trout Lake Community Hearing, May 16, 2006.................................................................... 665
Tsiigehtchic Community Hearing, February 20, 2006............................................................ 666
Tuktoyaktuk Community Hearing No. 1, September 11, 2006................................................. 666
Tuktoyaktuk Community Hearing No. 2, September 15, 2006................................................. 667
Tuktoyaktuk Community Hearing No. 3, June 20, 2007......................................................... 668
Tulita Community Hearing No. 1, April 4, 2006.................................................................... 668
Tulita Community Hearing No. 2, April 5, 2006.................................................................... 669
Ulukhaktok Community Hearing, September 8, 2006............................................................. 669
Wrigley Community Hearing, May 11, 2006........................................................................ 670
Appendix 11: Glossary............................................................................................................ 672